For this Opposition Jigsaw, create groups of three students and assign each to study a different opposition that Garvey encountered as described in one of the sources. Have students read/annotate/examine the sources for their area of focus and answer the following questions:

• What details stand out as interesting or important in this source? 
• Marcus Garvey has been called a “controversial” figure.  Why do you think that is?
• What images or text challenged, extended, or supported your thinking?
• What do various groups gain by dismissing Garvey?

There are three source sets, each representing a different controversy or opposition related to Garvey:

1)FBI & J Edgar Hoover

• Excerpts from “The Future as I See It,” Marcus Garvey, 1923
• UNIA Parade
• U.S. marshals bringing Marcus Garvey to prison in Atlanta, 1925,
• Plead for Marcus Garvey
• External-FBI Memo, 1919 (pdf)

2)W.E.B. DuBois

• EXTERNAL “Marcus Garvey– His Industrial Enterprises” by W.E.B DuBois, The Crisis Magazine, pp. 112-115 https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/workers/civil-rights/crisis/0100-crisis-v21n03-w123.pdf
• Marcus Garvey Personal History/ Enterprise and feasibility (Journal pages)

3)Concerns about Garvey and the Ku Klux Klan

• Garvey Speech at Liberty Hall reprinted in Negro World (1922:15 July)
• “Marcus Garvey Must Go” (1922)
• EXTERNAL-“2,000 Negroes Hear Garvey Denounced” (1922)

• EXTERNAL-Malcolm X on Marcus Garvey, August 1, 1958 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvJye6Fxj1s

After students have examined the documents, have them meet briefly (10-15 minutes) in a caucus with others who examined the same sources to review their responses/understanding to source Set Specific Questions:

• Why might J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI have feared Marcus Garvey?
• What did W.E.B. DuBois admire about Garvey?  Why do you think that initial admiration turned to opposition? 
• Given the context, why might it have been a smart idea for Garvey to partner with the KKK?  Why might it have been a terrible idea? 

Then have students return to their original groups and have mini–seminars (using specific evidence from their source) to share their new knowledge and understandings as well as to engage in discussion around similarities and differences.